How is ADHD diagnosed?
Currently, there is no specific medical test available to diagnose this disorder. There also is not one particular sign or symptom that can be used to diagnose ADHD. Proper diagnosis requires several steps that must be performed by a licensed mental healthcare provider. This usually involves a thorough medical history and physical exam.
What other mental illness may look like ADHD?
A thorough exam is needed to make an accurate diagnosis as ADHD may mimic other mental illnesses. Other similar mental illnesses include:
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Sleeping disorders
- Learning disabilities
What are the DSM-5 criteria used to diagnose ADHD?
In order to diagnose ADHD, differentiation between inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity must be made.
- Inattention:
- Inability to pay close attention to details.
- Constantly makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or with other activities.
- Inability to stay focused on tasks or play activities.
- Appears not to listen when directly spoken to.
- Constantly sidetracked and fails to finish work, chores, or duties in the workplace or at school.
- Trouble staying organized.
- Loses things necessary to complete tasks.
- Easily distracted.
- Forgetful.
- Hyperactivity/impulsivity:
- Inability to sit still and may constantly fidget or tap hands or feet.
- Cannot sit for long periods of time.
- Feeling restless, or a child may run and play during inappropriate times.
- Inability to play or take part in activities quietly.
- Talks excessively.
- May blurt out answers before a question has been provided.
- Has trouble waiting their turn during activities.
- Constantly interrupts others, especially with conversations or games.
Six or more symptoms must be present for at least six months to diagnose a child with ADHD. It is also suggested that these symptoms should be noted before the age of 12 and occur in multiple settings. The child's behavior must also negatively impact their life and can not be due to other mental disorders.
